Populism has made a comeback in Latin America and is now gaining traction in other developing countries, Eastern European countries, and advanced industrial democracies. From 1998 to 2019, citizens of various countries, including Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Nicaragua, elected presidents who were popular among the people, indicating a significant level of approval. However, certain leaders shifted their approach from populism to authoritarianism, consolidating their power, restricting political dissent, and eroding the system of checks and balances. The recent surge of Latin American populism started with Hugo Chávez’s victory in Venezuela in 1998, followed by Evo Morales in Bolivia, Rafael Correa in Ecuador, and Daniel Ortega in Nicaragua.
There are two clear groups among populist supporters: those who follow for convenience and those who are hardcore supporters. Some individuals are willing to back populist leaders for a short period of time due to their perceived effectiveness, while others remain devoted to them even in the face of undemocratic behaviour. Demographic variables, ethnic identity, and policy preferences play a vital role in comprehending the backing for populism. The connection between citizens’ views on democracy and their endorsement of populism can be intricate and occasionally paradoxical.
The reemergence of populism in Latin America and other regions is a complex phenomenon influenced by various factors such as demographics, ideologies, and performance. Although populist leaders may gain popularity by addressing valid concerns and aspirations for change, their actions of undermining democratic norms and institutions can seriously jeopardize the stability and well-being of democracies across the globe. Recognizing the intricacies of populist support is essential for safeguarding and enhancing democratic governance in response to the growing influence of populist movements.
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